Make a simple dust bag that goes from your fan exhaust to trash can— it doesn't have to be fancy, it just has to attach reasonably tightly. This design has worked for me. It can be used singly or ganged.
I'm glad that companies that sell fabric filter will sew bags, my first ones were of denim and I did them myself. Pain in the neck!
Try American Fabric Filter, they have done good work for me and use specialized dust collector fabric that beats anything you'll find at a fabric store.
Depending on what you have, make an opening at the top or a fabric "pipe" out the side. At the bottom, loop the fabric (or better yet, use collector bag fabric, with different qualities) to make a loop for a drawstring and a skirt that hangs down into your trash can.
Hose clamp the bag onto the pipe at the top. Drawstring through the fabric loop to tie tight around the trash can (admittedly, a bit of a pain). I use trash bags inside the can to simplify bagging.
Try similar arrangement run horizontally on a ceiling mounted blower to filter atmospheric fines. If you have enough fabric, it works as well as a furnace filter type, is very quiet, and used blowers can be pretty cheap. I empty mine every five years like clockwork and never have to replace a filter.